Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR): A Modern Approach to Aortic Aneurysms
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) is a complex heart procedure that provides a less invasive way to treat problems in the aorta, the main blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body. Instead of undergoing traditional open-heart surgery, TEVAR involves making a small incision, usually in the groin, through which a catheter is inserted into the blood vessels. This catheter guides a stent graft—a small, flexible tube—into the damaged part of the aorta to help strengthen it and prevent it from tearing.
The aorta is crucial because it supplies blood to the entire body. When it weakens or develops a bulge, called an aneurysm, it can lead to serious health issues if not treated. TEVAR is used to address these aneurysms and reduce the risk of complications. In Malaysia, the number of thoracic aortic aneurysms is rising, partly due to factors like aging and high blood pressure. TEVAR has become an important treatment option, with hospitals like Institut Jantung Negara (IJN) offering this procedure.
The TEVAR procedure starts with detailed imaging, like CT scans, to locate the aneurysm. During the procedure, the stent graft is carefully placed at the site of the aneurysm. Afterward, patients are monitored closely to ensure everything is working as expected.
TEVAR has several benefits compared to traditional open surgery. It’s less invasive, which usually means shorter hospital stays, quicker recovery, and less discomfort. However, there are still risks, such as the possibility of blood leaking around the stent graft, which might require additional procedures.
TEVAR is often compared to open surgical repair, which involves a larger incision to repair the aorta directly. While open surgery may be better for younger patients or those with certain conditions, TEVAR is often preferred, especially for older patients or those with other health issues, because it’s less invasive.
Aortic aneurysms are more common in people over 65, especially men, and those with a family history of the condition. High blood pressure, smoking, and high cholesterol are also risk factors. In Malaysia, these risk factors are widespread, making it important to understand and manage them.
Many people with aortic aneurysms have no symptoms until the aneurysm becomes large or ruptures. When symptoms do appear, they might include back pain, chest pain, or a pulsing feeling near the navel. To diagnose an aortic aneurysm, doctors use imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI. These tests help determine the best treatment approach. Thanks to advances in technology, aneurysms can now be detected earlier, allowing for timely treatment.
Treatment for aortic aneurysms depends on the size and severity of the condition. Options range from regular monitoring to emergency surgery. TEVAR is a modern option that provides a less invasive alternative to open surgery. Other treatments may include medication to control blood pressure and cholesterol, as well as lifestyle changes.
At Institut Jantung Negara (IJN) TEVAR is performed by experienced specialists using modern medical facilities. Patients considering TEVAR can discuss the potential benefits and risks with their doctors to determine the best treatment plan for their condition.
In summary, TEVAR is an effective procedure that offers a less invasive way to treat aortic aneurysms. It allows for quicker recovery and less discomfort compared to traditional surgery, making it an important option for those facing this serious condition.